Comparisons Introductory guides
Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.
In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the { { IPA } } { { Contains special characters | IPA} } { { IPA } }
If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.
For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use { { IPAc-en } } Help:IPA/English , a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English, and automates the conversion to IPA, so that {{IPAc-en|'|w|3:r|d}} appears as . This provides mouse-over links to the symbols, and is now the preferred template.
For a specific transcription in a regional variety, use { { IPA-endia } } { { IPA-all } }
For words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:
{ { IPA-all } } IPA: [word] For specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:
{{IPA-fr|o}} → French pronunciation: [o]
Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:
{{IPA-fr|o|pron}} → pronounced [o]
Language name only:
{{IPA-fr|o|lang}} → French: [o]
"IPA" only:
{{IPA-fr|o|IPA}} → IPA: [o]
Link only:
Any of these may be combined with a sound file:
{{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}} → French: [o] (listen
For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as “-” is required:
{{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}} → French pronunciation: [o] (listen
Key
Language
Template(s)
Help:IPA/Adyghe Adyghe { { IPA-ady } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Afrikaans Afrikaans { { IPA-af } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Albanian Albanian { { IPA-sq } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Alemannic German Alemannic German { { IPA-gsw } } (uses )
Colonia Tovar dialect { { IPA-gct } } (uses )
Swabian German { { IPA-swg } } (uses )
Walser German { { IPA-wae } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Amharic Amharic { { IPA-am } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Arabic Arabic { { IPA-ar } } (uses ){ { IPAc-ar } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Armenian Armenian { { IPA-hy } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Assamese Assamese { { IPA-as } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese Asturian { { IPA-ast } } (uses )
Extremaduran { { IPA-ext } } (uses )
Leonese { { IPA-le } } (uses )
Mirandese { { IPA-mwl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Australian languages Australian Aboriginal languages { { IPA-aus } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Azerbaijani Azerbaijani { { IPA-az } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Basque Basque { { IPA-eu } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Belarusian Belarusian { { IPA-be } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Bengali Bengali { { IPA-bn } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Berber Berber { { IPA-ber } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Breton Breton { { IPA-br } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Bulgarian Bulgarian { { IPA-bg } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Burmese Burmese { { IPA-my } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Cantonese Cantonese { { IPA-yue } } (uses ){ { IPAc-yue } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Catalan Catalan { { IPA-ca } } (uses )
Valencian { { IPA-va } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Colognian Colognian { { IPA-ksh } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Corsican Corsican { { IPA-co } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Czech Czech { { IPA-cs } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Danish Danish { { IPA-da } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Dutch Dutch { { IPA-nl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic Egyptian Arabic { { IPA-arz } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol Emilian { { IPA-egl } } (uses )
Romagnol { { IPA-rgn } } (uses )
Help:IPA/English English { { IPAc-en } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Esperanto Esperanto { { IPA-eo } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Estonian Estonian { { IPA-et } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Fijian Fijian { { IPA-fj } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Finnish Finnish { { IPA-fi } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal Franco-Provençal { { IPA-frp } } (uses )
Help:IPA/French French { { IPA-fr } } (uses ){ { IPAc-fr } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Galician Galician { { IPA-gl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Georgian Georgian { { IPA-ka } } (uses ){ { IPAc-ka } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Greek Greek { { IPA-el } } (uses ){ { IPA-grc } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Greenlandic Greenlandic { { IPA-kl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Gujarati Gujarati { { IPA-gu } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Haitian Creole Haitian Creole { { IPA-ht } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Hawaiian Hawaiian { { IPA-haw } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Hebrew Hebrew { { IPA-he } } (uses ){ { IPAc-he } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic Hejazi Arabic { { IPA-acw } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu Hindustani { { IPA-hns } } (uses )
Hindi { { IPA-hi } } (uses )
Urdu { { IPA-ur } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Hmong Hmong { { IPA-hmn } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Hungarian Hungarian { { IPA-hu } } (uses ){ { IPAc-hu } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Icelandic Icelandic { { IPA-is } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Igbo Igbo { { IPA-ig } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Insular Catalan Insular Catalan { { IPA-cadia } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Inuktitut Inuktitut { { IPA-iu } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Inupiaq Inupiaq { { IPA-ik } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Irish Irish { { IPA-ga } } (uses ){ { IPAc-ga } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Italian Italian { { IPA-it } } (uses ){ { IPAc-it } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Italian dialects Italian dialects { { IPA-itdia } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Japanese Japanese { { IPA-ja } } (uses ){ { IPAc-ja } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Kazakh Kazakh { { IPA-kk } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Khmer Khmer { { IPA-km } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Korean Korean { { IPA-ko } } (uses ){ { IPAc-ko } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Kurdish Kurdish { { IPA-ku } } (uses )
Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) { { IPA-kmr } } (uses )
Sorani (Central Kurdish) { { IPA-ckb } } (uses )
Southern Kurdish { { IPA-sdh } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Kyrgyz Kyrgyz { { IPA-ky } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Lakota Lakota { { IPA-lkt } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Lao Lao { { IPA-lo } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Latin Latin { { IPA-la } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Latvian Latvian { { IPA-lv } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic Lebanese Arabic { { IPA-apc-LB } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Ligurian Ligurian { { IPA-lij } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Lithuanian Lithuanian { { IPA-lt } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Lombard Lombard { { IPA-lmo } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Luxembourgish Luxembourgish { { IPA-lb } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Macedonian Macedonian { { IPA-mk } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Malagasy Malagasy { { IPA-mg } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Malay Malay { { IPA-ms } } (uses )
Indonesian { { IPA-id } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Malayalam Malayalam { { IPA-ml } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Maltese Maltese { { IPA-mt } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Mandarin Standard Chinese { { IPA-cmn } } (uses ){ { IPAc-cmn } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Manx Manx { { IPA-gv } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Māori Māori { { IPA-mi } } (uses ){ { IPAc-mi } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Marathi Marathi { { IPA-mr } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Marshallese Marshallese { { IPA-mh } } (uses ){ { IPAc-mh } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole Mauritian Creole { { IPA-mfe } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Mayan Mayan { { IPA-myn } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Mongolian Mongolian { { IPA-mn } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Nahuatl Nahuatl { { IPA-nah } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Navajo Navajo { { IPA-nv } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Neapolitan Neapolitan { { IPA-nap } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Nepali Nepali { { IPA-ne } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Nguni Swazi { { IPA-ss } } (uses )
Xhosa { { IPA-xh } } (uses )
Zulu { { IPA-zu } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Northern Thai Northern Thai { { IPA-nod } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Norwegian Norwegian { { IPA-no } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Occitan Occitan { { IPA-oc } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Odia Odia { { IPA-or } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Old English Old English { { IPA-ang } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Persian Persian { { IPA-fa } } (uses )
Dari { { IPA-prs } } (uses )
Tajik { { IPA-tg } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Piedmontese Piedmontese { { IPA-pms } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Polish Polish { { IPA-pl } } (uses ){ { IPAc-pl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Portuguese Portuguese { { IPA-pt } } (uses ){ { IPAc-pt } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Punjabi Punjabi { { IPA-pa } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Quechua Quechua { { IPA-qu } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Romanian Romanian { { IPA-ro } } (uses ){ { IPAc-ro } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Romansh Romansh { { IPA-rm } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Russian Russian { { IPA-ru } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Sanskrit Sanskrit { { IPA-sa } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Sardinian Sardinian { { IPA-sc } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic { { IPA-gd } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian { { IPA-sh } } (uses )
Croatian { { IPA-hr } } (uses )
Serbian { { IPA-sr } } (uses )
Bosnian { { IPA-bs } } (uses )
Montenegrin { { IPA-cnr } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue Shan { { IPA-shn } } (uses )
Tai Lue { { IPA-khb } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Sicilian Sicilian { { IPA-scn } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Slovak Slovak { { IPA-sk } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Slovene Slovene { { IPA-sl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Spanish Spanish { { IPA-es } } (uses ){ { IPAc-es } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Standard German German { { IPA-de } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Swahili Swahili { { IPA-sw } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Swedish Swedish { { IPA-sv } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Sylheti Sylheti { { IPA-syl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Tagalog Tagalog { { IPA-tl } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien Taiwanese Hokkien { { IPA-taiwan } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Tamil Tamil { { IPA-ta } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Tatar Tatar { { IPA-tt } } (uses ){ { IPA-crh } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Telugu Telugu { { IPA-te } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Thai Thai { { IPA-th } } (uses ){ { IPA-sou } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Tibetan Tibetan { { IPA-bo } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Tigrinya Tigrinya { { IPA-ti } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic Tunisian Arabic { { IPA-aeb } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Turkish Turkish { { IPA-tr } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Turkmen Turkmen { { IPA-tk } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Ukrainian Ukrainian { { IPA-uk } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Uzbek Uzbek { { IPA-uz } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Venetian Venetian { { IPA-vec } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Vietnamese Vietnamese { { IPA-vi } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Walloon Walloon { { IPA-wa } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Welsh Welsh { { IPA-cy } } (uses )
Help:IPA/West Frisian West Frisian { { IPA-fy } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Wu Chinese Wu Chinese { { IPA-wuu } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Yiddish Yiddish { { IPA-yi } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Yoruba Yoruba { { IPA-yo } } (uses )
Help:IPA/Zhuang Zhuang { { IPA-za } } (uses )
Templates have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated key pages. Transcriptions which use these templates will link to Help:IPA for the time being; when a language-specific key is created the templates will be linked accordingly. For example, you can use { { IPA-jv | word} } Help:IPA , producing Javanese pronunciation: [word]
{ { IPA-ace } } (uses ){ { IPA-ae } } (uses ){ { IPA-aec } } (uses ){ { IPA-aer } } (uses ){ { IPA-afb } } (uses ){ { IPA-ain } } (uses ){ { IPA-ak } } (uses ){ { IPA-akk } } (uses ){ { IPA-ale } } (uses ){ { IPA-alg } } (uses ){ { IPA-all } } (uses ){ { IPA-als } } (uses ){ { IPA-an } } (uses ){ { IPA-arn } } (uses ){ { IPA-art } } (uses ){ { IPA-ath } } (uses ){ { IPA-ay } } (uses ){ { IPA-azc } } (uses ){ { IPA-ba } } (uses ){ { IPA-bar } } (uses ){ { IPA-bi } } (uses ){ { IPA-bm } } (uses ){ { IPA-bodia } } (uses ){ { IPA-cau } } (uses ){ { IPA-cdd } } (uses ){ { IPA-cdo } } (uses ){ { IPA-ceb } } (uses ){ { IPA-cel } } (uses ){ { IPA-ch } } (uses ){ { IPA-chr } } (uses ){ { IPA-cop } } (uses ){ { IPA-csb } } (uses ){ { IPA-cv } } (uses ){ { IPA-dedia } } (uses ){ { IPA-dv } } (uses ){ { IPA-doi } } (uses ){ { IPA-dz } } (uses ){ { IPA-ee } } (uses ){ { IPA-endia } } (uses ){ { IPA-enm } } (uses ){ { IPA-esdia } } (uses ){ { IPA-fo } } (uses ){ { IPA-frdia } } (uses ){ { IPA-frr } } (uses ){ { IPA-fur } } (uses ){ { IPA-gag } } (uses ){ { IPA-gcr } } (uses ){ { IPA-gez } } (uses ){ { IPA-gn } } (uses ){ { IPA-guc } } (uses ){ { IPA-ha } } (uses ){ { IPA-hak } } (uses ){ { IPA-hop } } (uses ){ { IPA-iro } } (uses ){ { IPA-ium } } (uses ){ { IPA-jv } } (uses ){ { IPA-kg } } (uses ){ { IPA-kgg } } (uses ){ { IPA-ki } } (uses ){ { IPA-kjq } } (uses ){ { IPA-kn } } (uses ){ { IPA-kok } } (uses ){ { IPA-ks } } (uses ){ { IPA-ksw } } (uses ){ { IPA-kw } } (uses ){ { IPA-lad } } (uses ){ { IPA-lg } } (uses ){ { IPA-li } } (uses ){ { IPA-lif } } (uses ){ { IPA-liv } } (uses ){ { IPA-lld } } (uses ){ { IPA-ltc } } (uses ){ { IPA-lzz } } (uses ){ { IPA-mai } } (uses ){ { IPA-mak } } (uses ){ { IPA-maz } } (uses ){ { IPA-mga } } (uses ){ { IPA-mid } } (uses ){ { IPA-mnc } } (uses ){ { IPA-mnw } } (uses ){ { IPA-moh } } (uses ){ { IPA-mos } } (uses ){ { IPA-mus } } (uses ){ { IPA-na } } (uses ){ { IPA-nan } } (uses ){ { IPA-nci } } (uses ){ { IPA-nds } } (uses ){ { IPA-new } } (uses ){ { IPA-non } } (uses ){ { IPA-nrf } } (uses ){ { IPA-nus } } (uses ){ { IPA-ny } } (uses ){ { IPA-oax } } (uses ){ { IPA-om } } (uses ){ { IPA-os } } (uses ){ { IPA-pap } } (uses ){ { IPA-pcd } } (uses ){ { IPA-pcm } } (uses ){ { IPA-pdc } } (uses ){ { IPA-pi } } (uses ){ { IPA-pjt } } (uses ){ { IPA-poly } } (uses ){ { IPA-ps } } (uses ){ { IPA-ptdia } } (uses ){ { IPA-qya } } (uses ){ { IPA-rej } } (uses ){ { IPA-rom } } (uses ){ { IPA-rw } } (uses ){ { IPA-ryu } } (uses ){ { IPA-sal } } (uses ){ { IPA-sco } } (uses ){ { IPA-sd } } (uses ){ { IPA-se } } (uses ){ { IPA-sec } } (uses ){ { IPA-sei } } (uses ){ { IPA-sem } } (uses ){ { IPA-sga } } (uses ){ { IPA-si } } (uses ){ { IPA-sio } } (uses ){ { IPA-sjn } } (uses ){ { IPA-sla } } (uses ){ { IPA-sm } } (uses ){ { IPA-sma } } (uses ){ { IPA-smj } } (uses ){ { IPA-sn } } (uses ){ { IPA-so } } (uses ){ { IPA-srn } } (uses ){ { IPA-st } } (uses ){ { IPA-stq } } (uses ){ { IPA-su } } (uses ){ { IPA-sux } } (uses ){ { IPA-sva } } (uses ){ { IPA-syc } } (uses ){ { IPA-syr } } (uses ){ { IPA-tet } } (uses ){ { IPA-tew } } (uses ){ { IPA-tix } } (uses ){ { IPA-tlh } } (uses ){ { IPA-tn } } (uses ){ { IPA-to } } (uses ){ { IPA-ts } } (uses ){ { IPA-ty } } (uses ){ { IPA-tyv } } (uses ){ { IPA-tzl } } (uses ){ { IPA-ug } } (uses ){ { IPA-ve } } (uses ){ { IPA-vls } } (uses ){ { IPA-wad } } (uses ){ { IPA-wo } } (uses ){ { IPA-wbp } } (uses ){ { IPA-xmf } } (uses ){ { IPA-zun } } (uses )
The template { { x2i } } X-SAMPA symbols (ASCII equivalents of IPA symbols) and converts them to IPA.
Other language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and they will be automatically converted to the phonetic symbols that are used to transcribe the language. The templates that are currently available are shown below, with examples:
The following templates have also been created, but they haven't been vetted by the community and may not work properly:
