User:Blessings Hara

Kondomu

Kondomu ni chovala po gonana chamene chima lesa umuna ku ngena mu nyina yamu kazi. Komanso ima lesa mgwirizano wa ma STDs naku lesa mukazi kunkala na mimba. Ku lima condomu yovala mwamuna na yovala mukazi. Pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera-ndikugwiritsanso ntchito nthawi iliyonse yogonana-akazi omwe okondedwa awo amagwiritsa ntchito makondomu aamuna amakhala ndi mimba ya 2% pachaka.Ndi ntchito mmene mlingo wa mimba ndi 18% pachaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha chinzonono, mauka, trichomoniasis, matenda a chiwindi a B, ndi HIV/AIDS. Pamlingo wocheperapo, amatetezanso ku maliseche a herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), ndi chindoko. Kondomu ya abambo amakulungidwa pa mbolo yoyima musanayambe kugonana ndipo imagwira ntchito popanga chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa umuna kulowa m'thupi la ogonana nawo. Makondomu aamuna amapangidwa kuchokera ku latex ndipo, mocheperapo, kuchokera ku polyurethane, polyisoprene, kapena matumbo amwanawankhosa. Makondomu aamuna ali ndi ubwino wake wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, osavuta kupeza, komanso zotsatira zake zochepa. Amuna omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi latex ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zina osati latex, monga polyurethane. Makondomu achikazi amapangidwa kuchokera ku polyurethane ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo.

Makondomu ngati njira yopewera matenda opatsirana pogonana akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1564. Makondomu a labala anayamba kupezeka mu 1855, kenako makondomu a latex m'ma 1920. Ili pa World Health Organisation's List of Essential Medicines. Pofika chaka cha 2019, padziko lonse lapansi pafupifupi 21% ya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera amagwiritsa ntchito kondomu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yachiwiri yodziwika bwino pambuyo pa kulera kwa amayi (24%). Milingo yakugwiritsa ntchito kondomu ndiyokwera kwambiri ku East ndi Southeast Asia, Europe ndi North America. Pafupifupi mabiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi anayi amagulitsidwa pachaka.

Kulera

Kugwira ntchito kwa makondomu, monga njira zambiri zakulera, zitha kuwunikidwa m'njira ziwiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira moyenera kumangophatikizapo anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makondomu moyenera komanso mosasinthasintha. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, kapena kuchuluka kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito moyenera ndi kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito kondomu, kuphatikiza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kondomu molakwika kapena osagwiritsa ntchito makondomu nthawi iliyonse yogonana. Mitengo imaperekedwa kwa chaka choyamba chogwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri Pearl Index imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, koma kafukufuku wina amagwiritsa ntchito matebulo ochepetsa.

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mimba pakati pa ogwiritsira ntchito kondomu kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu amene akuphunziridwa, kuyambira 10 mpaka 18% pachaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makondomu ndi 2% pachaka. Makondomu akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi njira zina zolerera (monga mankhwala ophera umuna) kuti atetezedwe kwambiri.

Matenda opatsirana pogonana

Makondomu amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti apewe matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs). Zasonyezedwa kuti ndi zothandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha matenda mwa amuna ndi akazi. Ngakhale kuti si yangwiro, kondomuyo imakhala yogwira mtima pochepetsa kufala kwa tizilombo toyambitsa AIDS, nsungu, khansa ya pachibelekero, njerewere, chindoko, mauka, chinzonono, ndi matenda ena.[15] Makondomu nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa ngati chothandizira ku njira zolerera zogwira mtima (monga IUD) pakafunikanso chitetezo cha STD.

Malinga ndi lipoti la 2000 la National Institutes of Health (NIH), kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu a latex mosasinthasintha kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi pafupifupi 85% poyerekeza ndi chiopsezo ngati sichitetezedwa, kuyika seroconversion rate (chiwopsezo cha matenda) pa 0.9 pa anthu 100 aliwonse- zaka ndi kondomu, kutsika kuchoka pa 6.7 pa zaka 100 za munthu. Kuwunika kofalitsidwa mu 2007 kuchokera ku University of Texas Medical Branch ndi World Health Organization anapeza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chofanana cha 80-95%.

References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/condoms/about/pac-20385063
https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-condoms