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Doc James/Matenda a Bipolar
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Matenda a maganizo ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, omwe poyamba ankadziwika kuti manic depression, ndi matenda a maganizo omwe amadziwika ndi nthawi ya kuvutika maganizo komanso kukhumudwa kwambiri.[1][2] Ngati mkhalidwe wokwezeka uli wovuta kapena wokhudzana ndi psychosis, umatchedwa mania ; ngati ili yochepa kwambiri, imatchedwa hypomania.[1] Pa nthawi ya mania, munthu amakhala ndi khalidwe kapena amadzimva kukhala wamphamvu, wokondwa, kapena wokwiya.[1] Nthawi zambiri anthu amasankha zinthu mopupuluma osaganiziranso zotsatirapo zake.[2] Nthawi zambiri pamakhala vuto lochepa la kugona panthawi ya manic.[2] Panthaŵi ya kuvutika maganizo, munthu akhoza kulira, kukhala ndi maganizo olakwika pa moyo, ndi kusayang’anana ndi ena.[1] Ngozi yodzipha ndiyokwera; pazaka 20 6% ya anthu adafa podzipha, pomwe 30-40% adadzivulaza okha.[1] Mavuto ena amisala, monga nkhawa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi matenda a bipolar.[1]

Ngakhale kuti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a maganizo ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika sizikumveka bwino, zonse za chilengedwe ndi majini zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizofunikira.[1] Majini ambiri, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zochepa, angathandize kuti chitukuko chikhale chovuta.[1][3] Genetic factor imapangitsa pafupifupi 70-90% ya chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a bipolar.[4][5] Zowopsa za chilengedwe zimaphatikizapo mbiri ya nkhanza zaubwana ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwa nthawi yaitali.[1] Matendawa amatchulidwa kuti ndi matenda a maganizo ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika ngati pakhala pali nthawi imodzi yokha ya manic, kapena popanda zochitika zachisokonezo, komanso ngati bipolar II matenda ngati pakhala pali gawo limodzi la hypomanic (koma palibe zochitika zonse za manic) ndi gawo limodzi lalikulu lachisokonezo.[2] Ngati zizindikirozo ndi chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mavuto azachipatala, sizidziwika ngati matenda a bipolar.[2] Matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri za matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika ndi monga kusokonezeka maganizo, kusokonezeka kwa umunthu, schizophrenia, ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda ena ambiri.[1] Kuyeza kwachipatala sikofunikira kuti muzindikire, ngakhale kuyezetsa magazi kapena kujambula zithunzi kungathetse mavuto ena.

Zolimbitsa thupi - lithiamu ndi anticonvulsants ena monga valproate ndi carbamazepine - ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa kuyambiranso kwa nthawi yayitali.[6] Mankhwala oletsa kusokonezeka maganizo amaperekedwa panthawi ya manic episodes, komanso pamene zolimbitsa thupi sizikuloledwa bwino kapena zosagwira ntchito, kapena pamene kutsata sikuli bwino.[6] Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti psychotherapy imayendetsa bwino matendawa.[7] Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala ochepetsa kuvutika maganizo m’zochitika za kupsinjika maganizo n’kovuta—zingakhale zogwira mtima koma zaphatikizidwa m’kuyambitsa zochitika za manic.[8] Komabe, chithandizo cha matenda ovutika maganizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovuta.[6] Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ndi yogwira mtima pazovuta za manic ndi kupsinjika maganizo, makamaka ndi psychosis kapena catatonia . [lower-alpha 1] [6] Kuloledwa ku chipatala cha amisala kungakhale kofunikira ngati munthu ali ndi chiopsezo kwa iyemwini kapena ena; Kuchiza mwangozi nthawi zina kumakhala kofunikira ngati wokhudzidwayo akana chithandizo.[1]

Matenda a bipolar amapezeka pafupifupi 1% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi.[6] Ku United States, pafupifupi 3% akuyerekezeredwa kukhudzidwa panthaŵi ina ya moyo wawo; mitengo ikuwoneka yofanana mwa akazi ndi amuna.[10][11] Zaka zambiri zomwe zizindikiro zimayambira ndi 25.[1] Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika amakhala ndi mavuto azachuma, azachuma, kapena okhudzana ndi ntchito chifukwa cha matendawa.[1] Matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha maganizo ali m'gulu la 20 omwe amachititsa olumala padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amachititsa kuti anthu aziwononga ndalama zambiri.[12] Chifukwa cha zosankha za moyo ndi zotsatira za mankhwala, chiopsezo cha imfa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe monga matenda a mtima mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha maganizo ndi owirikiza kawiri kuposa anthu ambiri.[1]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 . Anderson IM, Haddad PM, Scott J. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Empty citation (help)
  3. ↑ : 596–598. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ Sklar. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ↑ . Bobo WV: 1532–1551. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 . Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E: 1561–1572. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ↑ . Goodwin GM, Haddad PM, Ferrier IN, Aronson JK, Barnes T, Cipriani A, Coghill DR, Fazel S, Geddes JR, Grunze H, Holmes EA, Howes O, Hudson S, Hunt N, Jones I, Macmillan IC, McAllister-Williams H, Miklowitz DR, Morriss R, Munafò M, Paton C, Saharkian BJ, Saunders K, Sinclair J, Taylor D, Vieta E, Young AH: 495–553. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ . Cheniaux E, Nardi AE: 893–913. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 119–121. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
  10. ↑ . Schmitt A, Malchow B, Hasan A, Falkai P: 19. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ . Diflorio A, Jones I: 437–452. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ : 440–50. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  1. ↑ Catatonia is a syndrome characterized by profound unresponsiveness or stupor with abnormal movements in a person who is otherwise awake.[9]
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