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Yohane M'batizi (Caravaggio)

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Yohane M’batizi m’chipululu
The Preaching of St. John the Baptist by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1566

Yohane M'batizi (c. 6 BC[1] – c. AD 30) anali mlaliki wachiyuda wokangalika kudera la Mtsinje wa Yordano koyambirira kwa zaka zana loyamba AD.[2][3] Amadziwikanso kuti Saint John the Forerunner ku Eastern Orthodoxy ndi Oriental Orthodoxy, John the Immerser mu miyambo ina yachikhristu ya Baptist,[4] komanso monga mneneri Yahya ibn Zakariya mu Islam. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Yohane Mbatizi.[5][6][7]

Yohane akutchulidwa ndi wolemba mbiri Wachiroma Josephus,[8] ndipo amalemekezedwa monga munthu wamkulu wachipembedzo m’Chikristu,[9] Chisilamu, Chikhulupiriro cha Baháʼí,[10] chikhulupiriro cha Druze, ndi Chimandaeism; m’mau omalizira mwa ameneŵa akuwonedwa kukhala mneneri womalizira ndi wofunikira koposa. Amadziwika kuti ndi mneneri wa Mulungu ndi zikhulupiliro zonse zomwe tatchulazi, ndipo amalemekezedwa ngati woyera mtima m'matchalitchi ambiri achikhristu. Malinga ndi Chipangano Chatsopano, Yohane ankayembekezera kuti Mesiya adzakhala wamkulu kuposa iye;[11] m'Mauthenga Abwino, akusonyezedwa ngati kalambulabwalo kapena kalambulabwalo wa Yesu.[12] Mogwirizana ndi Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu, Yesu mwiniyo ananena kuti Yohane anali “Eliya wodzabwerayo,” [13] kumene kukunena kwachindunji kwa Bukhu la Malaki ( Malaki 4:5 ),[14] monga mmene mngelo amene analengeza kubadwa kwa Yohane kwa atate wake, Zekariya[15] kwatsimikizirika. Malinga ndi Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka, Yohane ndi Yesu anali pachibale.[16][17]

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti Yohane anali m’gulu la Aesene, gulu lampatuko lachiyuda lodzipatula ndipo ankayembekezera kuti kudzakhala mesiya ndipo ankabatiza mwamwambo.[18][19] Yohane anagwiritsa ntchito ubatizo monga chizindikiro chapakati kapena sakramenti[20] ya kayendedwe kake asanabwere umesiya. Akatswiri ambiri a Baibulo amavomereza kuti Yohane anabatiza Yesu,[21][22] ndi nkhani zingapo za Chipangano Chatsopano zimanena kuti ena mwa otsatira a Yesu oyambirira anali otsatira a Yohane poyamba.[23] Malinga ndi Chipangano Chatsopano, Yohane anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe ndipo kenako anadulidwa mutu ndi Herode Antipasi cha m’ma AD 30 Yohane atamudzudzula chifukwa chosudzula mkazi wake kenako n’kukwatira Herodiya, mkazi wa m’bale wake Herode Filipo Woyamba.[24]

Otsatira a Yohane analipo m’zaka za zana lachiŵiri AD, ndipo ena analengeza kuti iye anali Mesiya woyembekezeredwa ndi Ayuda.[25] Masiku ano, otsatira a Yohane Mbatizi ndi Amandaeans, gulu lakale lachipembedzo lomwe amakhulupirira kuti iye ndiye mneneri wawo wamkulu komanso womaliza.[26][27] M’mbiri ya kufera chikhulupiriro kwachiroma, Yohane ndiye woyera mtima yekha amene kubadwa ndi imfa yake zimakumbukiridwa.[28]


  1. ↑ Croll, Charles (2019). John the Baptist: A Biography. Malcolm Down Publishing. pp. 215–216. ISBN 978-1-912863-15-0.
  2. ↑ Cross, F. L., ed. (2005). "John the Baptist, St". Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 893. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  3. ↑ "St. John the Baptist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  4. ↑ Cheek, John C., New Testament Translation in America Archived 8 Ogasiti 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 72, No. 2 (Jun. 1953), pp. 103–114
  5. ↑ Webb, Robert L. (1 October 2006) [1991]. John the Baptizer and Prophet: A Socio-historic Study. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock Publishers (published 29 September 2006). ISBN 978-1-59752-986-0. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  6. ↑ Sykes, Robert Henry (1982). Friend of the Bridegroom: Meditations in the Life of John the Baptizer. Everyday Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-88873-052-7. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  7. ↑ Mead, G. R. S. Gnostic John the Baptizer: Selections from the Mandaean John-Book. Forgotten Books. ISBN 978-1-60506-210-5. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  8. ↑ Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 18.5.2
  9. ↑ Funk, Robert W. and the Jesus Seminar (1998), The Acts of Jesus: The search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus. San Francisco: Harper; "John the Baptist" cameo, p. 268
  10. ↑ Compilations (1983). Hornby, Helen (ed.). Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File. Baháʼí Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India. p. 475. ISBN 978-81-85091-46-4. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  11. ↑ Funk, Robert W. & the Jesus Seminar (1998). The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. San Francisco: Harper. "Mark", pp. 51–161.
  12. ↑ Meier, John (1994). Mentor, Message, and Miracles (A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, Vol. 2). 2. Anchor Bible. ISBN 978-0-385-46992-0.
  13. ↑ "Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 11:14 – New King James Version". Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  14. ↑ Malachi 4:5–6
  15. ↑ "Bible Gateway passage: Luke 1:17 – New King James Version". Bible Gateway (in English). Archived from the original on 2 June 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  16. ↑ "Bible Gateway passage: ΚΑΤΑ ΛΟΥΚΑΝ 1:36 – SBL Greek New Testament". Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  17. ↑ "NETBible: Luke 1". Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  18. ↑ Harris, Stephen L. (1985). Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. p. 382
  19. ↑ Marshall, I. H.; Millard, A. R.; Packer, J. I., eds. (1988). "John the Baptist". New Bible Dictionary (Third ed.). IVP reference collection. ISBN 978-0-85110-636-6.
  20. ↑ Edward Oliver James, Sacrament in Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 May 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/515366/sacrament Archived 4 Meyi 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ↑ Croll, Charles (2019). John the Baptist: A Biography. Malcolm Down Publishing. pp. 127–149. ISBN 978-1-912863-15-0.
  22. ↑ Jesus as a figure in history: how modern historians view the man from Galilee. Mark Allan Powell, published by Westminster John Knox Press, p. 47 "Few would doubt the basic fact...Jesus was baptized by John"
  23. ↑ Harris, Stephen L. (1985) Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield John 1:36–40
  24. ↑ Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews Book 18, 5, 2 Text at Wikisource
  25. ↑ Culpepper, R. Alan; Anderson, Paul N. (23 October 2017). John and Judaism: A Contested Relationship in Context. SBL Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-88414-241-6. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  26. ↑ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002), The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people (PDF), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515385-9
  27. ↑ Drower, Ethel Stefana. 2002. The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran: Their Cults, Customs, Magic Legends, and Folklore (reprint). Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
  28. ↑ "Do we celebrate the birth of St. John the Baptist?". 23 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
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