Hepatitis B vaccine
Katemera wa Hepataitisi B ndi katemera amene amathandiza kupewa matenda a hepataitisi B.[1] Mwana aliyense akangobadwa amayenera kupatsidwa katemerayu pasanapite maola 24 mwanayo atabadwa, ndipo kenako angalandire katemera wachiwiri ndiponso wachitatu pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa m'thupi mwina chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS kapena omwe anabadwa masiku asanakwane ayenera kulandira katemerayu. Kwa anthu omwe alibe mavuto ena m'thupi, katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu sangadwale.[1]
Anthu omwe ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri amayenera kuyezetsa magazi kuti atsimikizire ngati katemerayu akugwira bwino ntchito. Ndipo anthu a m'mayiko amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri amayenera kulandira katemera wowonjezera pakapita nthawi, chomodzimodzinso ndi anthu omwe chitetezo chawo n'chochepa m'thupi. Anthu omwe sanalandire katemerayu koma apezeka m'dera limene mavailasi a hepataitisi B ndi ofala kwambiri akuyenera kulandira katemera wa hepataitisi B immune globulin. Katemerayu amaperekedwa kudzera m'jakisoni.[1]
Katemera wa hepataitisi B sabweretsa mavuto aliwonse odetsa nkhawa. Mavuto ochepa amene angakhalepo angakhale kumva ululu pamene munthu wabayidwa jakisoni wa katemerayu. Katemerayu alibe mavuto aliwonse ngati munthu atamulandira pa nthawi imene ali woyembekezera ngakhalenso pa nthawi imene akuyamwitsa. Ndiponso palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti katemerayu angayambitse mavuto ena monga matenda otchedwa Guillain-Barre . Katemera wa matendawa amapangidwa ndi njira zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito tizigawo tina ta DNA. Katemerayu amathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena a katemera wa mitundu ina.[1]
Katemera wa hepataitisi B anavomerezedwa koyamba m'dziko la United States m'chaka cha 1981.[2] Kenako mu 1986 panapangidwa mtundu wina wa katemera womwe ndi wabwino poyerekezera ndi woyamba uja.[1] Katemerayu ali pagulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperekedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala.[3] M'chaka cha 2014, mtengo wogulitsira katemerayu pachipiku unali woyambira pa madola a ku America 0.58 mpaka 13.20 pa katemera m'modzi.[4] Koma ku United States, mtengo wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 50 mpaka 100.[5]
Malifalensi[Sinthani | sintha gwero]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Hepatitis B vaccines WHO position paper" (PDF). Weekly epidemiological record. 40 (84): 405-420. 2 Oct 2009.
- ↑ Moticka, Edward. A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology. p. 336. ISBN 9780123983756.
- ↑ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ↑ "Vaccine, Hepatitis B". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
- ↑ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 314. ISBN 9781284057560.