Kyiv

Kyiv ndi likulu ndi anthu ambiri mzinda wa Ukraine. Ili kumpoto chapakati cha Ukraine m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Dnieper. Pofika pa 1 Januware 2021, anthu anali 2,962,180, zomwe zidapangitsa Kyiv kukhala mzinda wachisanu ndi chiwiri wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Europe. Kyiv ndi likulu la mafakitale, sayansi, maphunziro, ndi chikhalidwe ku Eastern Europe. Ndi kwawo kwa mafakitale ambiri apamwamba, masukulu apamwamba, ndi mbiri yakale. Mzindawu uli ndi njira zambiri zoyendera anthu ndi zomangamanga, kuphatikiza Kyiv Metro.

Dzina la mzindawu akuti limachokera ku dzina la Kyi, m'modzi mwa oyambitsa ake anayi odziwika bwino. M’mbiri yake, mzinda wa Kyiv, womwe ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri Kum’mawa kwa Ulaya, unadutsa m’magawo angapo odziwika komanso osadziwika bwino. Mzindawu mwina udali ngati likulu la zamalonda koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 5. Kukhazikika kwa Asilavo panjira yayikulu yamalonda pakati pa Scandinavia ndi Constantinople, Kyiv inali gawo la Khazars, mpaka kulandidwa kwake ndi ma Varangians (Vikings) m'ma 9th century. Mu ulamuliro wa Varangian, mzindawu unakhala likulu la Kievan Rus, dziko loyamba la Asilavo Kum'mawa. Mzindawu utawonongedwa kotheratu panthawi ya nkhondo za a Mongol mu 1240, mzindawo unalibe mphamvu kwa zaka zambiri. Linali likulu lachigawo lofunika pang'onopang'ono kunja kwa madera olamulidwa ndi oyandikana nawo amphamvu, choyamba Lithuania, kenako Poland ndipo pamapeto pake Russia.

Mzindawu udachitanso bwino pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa mafakitale mu Ufumu wa Russia chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800. Mu 1918, dziko la Ukraine litalengeza ufulu wake kuchoka ku Soviet Russia, Kyiv anakhala likulu lake. Kuchokera mu 1921 kupita mtsogolo, Kyiv unali mzinda wa Soviet Ukraine, umene unalengezedwa ndi Red Army, ndipo, kuyambira 1934, Kyiv unali likulu lake. Mzindawu unatsala pang’ono kuwonongedwa m’kati mwa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse koma unachira msanga m’zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondoyo, n’kukhala mzinda wachitatu paukulu kwambiri wa Soviet Union.

Ulamuliro wa Soviet Union ndi Ukraine utatha mu 1991, Kyiv idakhalabe likulu la dziko la Ukraine ndipo anthu amitundu ina akuchulukirachulukira ochokera kumadera ena a dzikolo. Panthawi yosintha dzikolo kukhala chuma chamsika komanso demokalase yamasankho, Kyiv yapitilirabe kukhala mzinda waukulu komanso wolemera kwambiri ku Ukraine. Zogulitsa zake zodalira zida zankhondo zidagwa pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet, zomwe zidasokoneza kwambiri sayansi ndiukadaulo, koma magawo atsopano azachuma monga mautumiki ndi ndalama zidathandizira kukula kwa Kyiv mumalipiro ndi ndalama, komanso kupereka ndalama zopititsira patsogolo ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi mizinda. zomangamanga. Kyiv anatulukira monga kwambiri pro-Western dera Ukraine; zipani zomwe zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano wolimba ndi European Union ndizovuta kwambiri panthawi yazisankho.