Kuchotsa mimba

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Kuchotsa mimba
Magulu ndiponso kumene kwachokera zinthu
ICD/CIM-10O04 O04
ICD/CIM-9779.6 779.6
DiseasesDB4153
MedlinePlus002912

Mawu akuti kuchotsa mimba akutanthauza moyo wa mwana pochititsa kuti mwanayo achoke kapenaachotsedwe m'chiberekero nthawi yake isanakwane. Nthawi zina mimba imatha kuchoka yakha, ndipo zikatere amati mayi wapita padera. Nthawi zina munthu angasankhe zoti athetse moyo wa mwana wosabadwa ndipo zimenezi zikachitika, ndiye kuti wachotsa mimba. Mawu akuti kuchotsa mimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene munthu wachita kusankha yekha kuti athese moyo wa mwana wosabadwa. Ngati madokotala achotsa m'mimba mwa mayi mwana yemwe anatsala pang'ono kubadwa ndipo moyo wa mwanayo wathera pomwepo, amati "achotsa mimba mochedwa."[1]

Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito zachipatala, madokotala amatha kuchita opaleshoni kapena kupereka mankhwala kwa mayi woyembekezera kuti mimba ichoke. Mankhwala a mitundu iwiri, omwe ndi mifepristone ndi prostaglandin ndi othandiza kwambiri mofanana ndi opaleshoni pa ndondomeko yoyamba yochotsera mimba.[2][3] Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kumathandiza pa ndondomeko yachiwiri yochotsera mimba,[4] opaleshoni ndi yomwe ikuoneka kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.[3] Njira zolera, kuphatikizapo mapilisi ndiponso kachipangizo kotchinga m'chiberekero zingathe kuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthu akangochotsa mimba.[3] Kuchotsa mimba m'mayiko otukuka kumaonedwa kuti kuli m'gulu la njira zabwino kwambiri zachipatala ngati malamulo a dzikolo kuchotsa mimba.[5][6] Kuchotsa mimba m'njira yovomerezeka ndi achipatala sikukhala ndi mavuta alionse aakulu okhudza kaganizidwe kapena thanzi la munthu.[7] Bungwe Loona Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse likuyesetsa kuti amayi onse padziko lapansili akhale ndi mwayi wotsatira njira zachipatala zosaopsa pochotsa mimba.[8] Kuchotsa mimba m'njira yosatetezeka kumachititsa kuti amayi pafupifupi 47,000 azimwalira ndiponso[7] kuti amayi 5 miliyoni azigonekedwa m'chipatala chaka chilichonse.[9]

Chaka chilichonse, moyo wa ana osabadwa okwana pafupifupi 44 miliyoni umathetsedwa mwa kuchotsa mimba padziko lonse, ndipo theka la anthu amene amachotsa mimbayo amachita zimenezi m'njira yosatetezeka.[10] Koma kuyambira mu 2003 mpaka mu 2008, chiwerengero cha kuchotsa mimba chinasintha pang'ono,[10] pambuyo poti zaka zambiri zadutsa anthu akukanizidwa mwayi wamaphunziro okhudza kulalera ndiponso njira zolererazo zomwe zikupezeka mosavuta tsopano.[11] Template:As of Komanso amayi 40 pa 100 alionse ali ndi mwayi wothetsa moyo wamwana wosabadwa m'njira yovomerezeka ndi lamulo "popanda zoletsa".[12] Komabe, pali zifukwa zina zimene zimachititsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuthetsa moyo wa ana ena osabadwa.[12]

Anthu anayamba kale kwambiri kuchotsa mbiri. Anthu akhala akutsatira njira zosiyanasiyana pochotsa mimba, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zakuthwa, kuzunza mayi kuti abereke mwana wakufa, ndiponso njira za m'midzi ndipo zimenezi zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kale kwambiri.[13] Zinthu zokhudzana ndi malamulo okhudza kuchotsa mimba, kuchuluka kwa ana osabadwa amene moyo wawo ungathetsedwe, ndponso chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo zimasiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyananso padzikoli. Zinthu zina zimene zingachititse kuti kuchotsa mimba kukhale kovomerezeka mwalamulo ndi kugonana kwa pachibale, kugwiriridwa, ngati mwana wosabadwa ali ndi mavuto aakulu, mavuto okhudza chisamaliro ndiponso zachuma kapena moyo wa mayi uli pachiopsezo.[14] M'madera ambiri padzikoli anthu kusiyana maganizopotengera zinthu mongachikhalidwe, ndiponso nkhani zokhudza malamulo. Komanso pali anthu amene sagwirizana ndi kuchotsa mimba ndipo amanena kuti mwana wosabadwayo ndi munthu ndipo ali ndi ufulu wokhala moyo ndipo amanena kuti kuchotsa mimba n'chimodzimodzi ndi kupha munthu.[15][16] Koma anthu amene amane amagwirizana ndi olimbikitsa kuchotsa mimba amanena kuti mayi ali ndi ufulu wosankha zochita ndi chilichonse chimene chili m'thupi mwake[17] ndiponso amalimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu onse.[8]

Malifalensi[Sinthani | sintha gwero]

  1. ↑ Grimes, DA; Stuart, G (2010). "Abortion jabberwocky: the need for better terminology". Contraception. 81 (2): 93–6. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.09.005. PMID 20103443.
  2. ↑ Kulier, R; Kapp, N; Gülmezoglu, AM; Hofmeyr, GJ; Cheng, L; Campana, A (Nov 9, 2011). "Medical methods for first trimester abortion". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (11): CD002855. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub4. PMID 22071804.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kapp, N; Whyte, P; Tang, J; Jackson, E; Brahmi, D (Sep 2013). "A review of evidence for safe abortion care". Contraception. 88 (3): 350–63. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.027. PMID 23261233.
  4. ↑ Wildschut, H; Both, MI; Medema, S; Thomee, E; Wildhagen, MF; Kapp, N (Jan 19, 2011). "Medical methods for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (1): CD005216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005216.pub2. PMID 21249669.
  5. ↑ Grimes, D. A.; Benson, J.; Singh, S.; Romero, M.; Ganatra, B.; Okonofua, F. E.; Shah, I. H. (2006). "Unsafe abortion: The preventable pandemic" (PDF). The Lancet. 368 (9550): 1908–1919. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69481-6. PMID 17126724.
  6. ↑ Raymond, EG; Grossman, D; Weaver, MA; Toti, S; Winikoff, B (Nov 2014). "Mortality of induced abortion, other outpatient surgical procedures and common activities in the United States". Contraception. 90 (5): 476–479. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.012. PMID 25152259.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lohr, P. A.; Fjerstad, M.; Desilva, U.; Lyus, R. (2014). "Abortion". BMJ. 348: f7553. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7553.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Organization, World Health (2012). Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems (PDF) (2nd ed. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 8. ISBN 9789241548434. |edition= has extra text (help)
  9. ↑ Shah, I.; Ahman, E. (December 2009). "Unsafe abortion: global and regional incidence, trends, consequences, and challenges" (PDF). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 31 (12): 1149–58. PMID 20085681. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sedgh, G.; Singh, S.; Shah, I. H.; Åhman, E.; Henshaw, S. K.; Bankole, A. (2012). "Induced abortion: Incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008" (PDF). The Lancet. 379 (9816): 625–632. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61786-8. PMID 22264435.
  11. ↑ Sedgh G, Henshaw SK, Singh S, Bankole A, Drescher J (September 2007). "Legal abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends". Int Fam Plan Perspect. 33 (3): 106–116. doi:10.1363/ifpp.33.106.07. PMID 17938093. Archived from the original on 2009-08-19. Retrieved 2017-05-25.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Culwell KR, Vekemans M, de Silva U, Hurwitz M (July 2010). "Critical gaps in universal access to reproductive health: Contraception and prevention of unsafe abortion". International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 110: S13–16. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.003. PMID 20451196.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ Joffe, Carole (2009). "1. Abortion and medicine: A sociopolitical history". Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy (PDF) (1st ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4443-1293-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Boland, R.; Katzive, L. (2008). "Developments in Laws on Induced Abortion: 1998–2007". International Family Planning Perspectives. 34 (3): 110–120. doi:10.1363/ifpp.34.110.08. PMID 18957353.
  15. ↑ Pastor Mark Driscoll (18 October 2013). "What do 55 million people have in common?". Fox News. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  16. ↑ Dale Hansen (18 March 2014). "Abortion: Murder, or Medical Procedure?". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  17. ↑ Sifris, Ronli Noa (2013). Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 3. ISBN 9781135115227.
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