Major Depressive disorder

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For other types of depression, see Mood disorder.
Not to be confused with Depression (mood).

Template:Infobox medical condition (new) Matenda a nkhawa (MDD), omwenso amadziwika kuti nkhawa, ndi matenda a maganizo ndipo wodwala amatha kupanikizika ndi matendawa kwa milungu yosachepera iwiri wosasangalala malinga ndi zimene zam'chitikira pa nthawiyo.[1] Munthu akayamba kudwala matendawa, kawirikawiri amayambanso kudzikayikira, kukhala wosasangalala pa zochitika zoyenera kusangalala, amafooka, ndiponso amamva ululu popanda chifukwa chomveka.[1] Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zina amaona amakhulupirira zinthu zomwe si zoona kapenanso amaona kapena kumva zinthu zimene kulibe.[1] Anthu ena amavutika kwambiri ndi pa nthawi zinazake pa nthawi zinazake pachaka, pomwe amavutika ndi matendawa nthawi zonse.[2] Matenda a nkhawa angasokoneze kwambiri moyo wa munthu, ntchito yake, maphunziro ake, kumusowetsa tulo ngakhalenso kumulepheretsa kudya ndi kusokonezanso thanzi lake.[1][2] Anthu akuluakulu oyambira pa awiri kufika 8 pa Anthu 1000 aliwonse omwe li ndi matenda a nkhawa amafa mochita kudzipha,[3][4] ndipo hafu ya anthu onse omwe amadzipha amakhala kuti anali ndi matenda a nkhawa kapena matenda ena a maganizo.} [5]

Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zimayambitsa matenda a nkhawa, monga kuyamwira matendawa komanso chifukwa cha zochitika pamoyo wa munthu.[1] Zina mwa zinthu zimene zimayambitsa matendawa ndi zakumtundu, kusintha kwambiri kwa zinthu pamoyo, mankhwala ena akuchipatala, matenda ena akuluakulu, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.[1][2] Zikuoneka kuti anthu 40 pa 100 aliwonse amene amadwala matendawa amachita kuyamwira kuchokera ku mtundu wawo.[2] Madokotala amatha kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a nkhawa malinga ndi zimene munthuyo wakhala akuchita ndiponso mmene kaganizidwe ka munthuyo kalili.[6] Palibe njira ya ku labu imene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeza kuti madokotala adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a nkhawa.[2] Komabe, madokotala amatha kumuyeza munthu kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda ena omwe zizindikiro zake n'zofanana ndi matenda a ankhawa.[6] Munthu yemwe akudwala matenda a nkhawa amamva ululu woopsa ndipo izi zimachitika kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa kungokhumudwa, komwe kumachitika pamoyo wa munthu aliyense.[2] Bungwe la United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) limalimbikitsa kuti anthu amene akwanitsa zaka 12 zakubadwa azikayezetsa kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda a nkhawa,[7][8] pomwe kafukufuku waCochrane amapeza kuti mafunso amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza kuti adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi vutoli sapereka n'komwe njira zimene zingathandize munthuyo.[9]

Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa angathandizidwe ndithu ngati thandizo la uphungu ndiponso mankhwala a antidepressant. [1] Zikuoneka kuti mankhwala akuchipatala amathandiza ndithu, koma makamaka ngati matendawo akula kwambiri.[10][11] Sizikudziwika ngati mankhwala akuchipatala amawonjezeranso chiopsezo choti munthu angathe kudzipha.[12] Uphungu umene munthu angapatsidwe ungaphatikizepo wothandiza munthu kusintha khalidwe ndiponso wothandiza munthu kuti azichita zinthu ndi anthu ena.[1][13] Ngati njira zimenezi sizikuthandiza, mungayese njira ya electroconvulsive therapy ndipo imeneyi ingathe kuthandiza.[1] Munthu yemwe akudwala matendawa angathenso kugonekedwa m'chipatala ngati zikuoneka kuti akhoza kudzipha ndipo angagonekedwe m'chipatalamo ngakhale kuti mwiniwakeyo sakugwirizana nazo.[14]

M'chaka cha 2015 chokha, anthu pafupifupi 216 miliyoni (atatu pa anthu 100 aliwonse padziko lonse) anadwala matenda a nkhawa.[15] M'dziko la Japan lokha, chiwerengero cha anthu amene amadwala matendawa pa nthawi inayake m'moyo wawo ndi 7 pa 100 aliwonse, pomwe ku France ndi 21 pa 100 aliwonse.[16] Anthu omwe amavutika matendawa kwa moyo wawo wonse m'mayiko olemera ndi ochuluka ndi 15 pa 100 aliwonse poyerekezera ndi anthu a m'mayiko osiyana omwe ndi 11 pa 100 aliwonse.[16] Vutoli ndi lachiwiri pa matenda amene anthu amangokhala nawo kwa moyo wawo wonse, ndipo amatenda omwe ali pamalo oyamba ndi matenda a msana.[17] Anthu ambiri amadwala amatenda a nkhawa akafika zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30.[2][16] Ndipo akazi ndi amene amadwala kwambiri matendawa poyerekezera ndi amuna.[2][16] Bungwe la American Psychiatric Association linaika "matenda ovutika kwambiri maganizo" pagulu la matenda lotchedwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) mu 1980.[18] Gulu la matendali linagawidwa n'kupanga gulu lina lamatenda a muubongo kuchoka m'gulu lomwe lija la DSM-II, lomwe mulinso matenda a dysthymia ndiponso matenda a nkhawa omwe amayamba chifukwa chosamukira kudera lina ndiponso kukhumudwa.[18] Anthu omwe akupezeka ndi matendawa panopa komanso omwe anapezeka nawo kale akhoza kumasalidwa. [19]


References[Sinthani | sintha gwero]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Depression". NIMH. May 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 160–168, ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8, archived from the original on 31 July 2016, retrieved 22 July 2016 Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Richards, C. Steven; O'Hara, Michael W. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Depression and Comorbidity (in English). Oxford University Press. p. 254. ISBN 9780199797042. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Strakowski, Stephen; Nelson, Erik (2015). Major Depressive Disorder (in English). Oxford University Press. p. PT27. ISBN 9780190264321.
  5. ↑ Bachmann, S (6 July 2018). "Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (7): 1425. doi:10.3390/ijerph15071425. PMC 6068947. PMID 29986446. Half of all completed suicides are related to depressive and other mood disorders
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Patton, Lauren L. (2015). The ADA Practical Guide to Patients with Medical Conditions (in English) (2 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 339. ISBN 9781118929285. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Baumann LC, Davidson KW, Ebell M, García FA, Gillman M, Herzstein J, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Owens DK, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP (January 2016). "Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 315 (4): 380–7. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18392. PMID 26813211.
  8. ↑ Siu AL (March 2016). "Screening for Depression in Children and Adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". Annals of Internal Medicine. 164 (5): 360–6. doi:10.7326/M15-2957. PMID 26858097.
  9. ↑ Gilbody S, House AO, Sheldon TA (October 2005). "Screening and case finding instruments for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD002792. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002792.pub2. PMID 16235301.
  10. ↑ Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD, Dimidjian S, Amsterdam JD, Shelton RC, Fawcett J (January 2010). "Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis". JAMA. 303 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1943. PMC 3712503. PMID 20051569.
  11. ↑ Kirsch I, Deacon BJ, Huedo-Medina TB, Scoboria A, Moore TJ, Johnson BT (February 2008). "Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration". PLoS Medicine. 5 (2): e45. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050045. PMC 2253608. PMID 18303940.
  12. ↑ Braun C, Bschor T, Franklin J, Baethge C (2016). "Suicides and Suicide Attempts during Long-Term Treatment with Antidepressants: A Meta-Analysis of 29 Placebo-Controlled Studies Including 6,934 Patients with Major Depressive Disorder". Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 85 (3): 171–9. doi:10.1159/000442293. PMID 27043848.
  13. ↑ Driessen E, Hollon SD (September 2010). "Cognitive behavioral therapy for mood disorders: efficacy, moderators and mediators". The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 33 (3): 537–55. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.005. PMC 2933381. PMID 20599132.
  14. ↑ American Psychiatric Association (2006). American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Compendium 2006 (in English). American Psychiatric Pub. p. 780. ISBN 9780890423851.
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GBD2015Pre
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Kessler RC, Bromet EJ (2013). "The epidemiology of depression across cultures". Annual Review of Public Health. 34: 119–38. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409. PMC 4100461. PMID 23514317.
  17. ↑ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Hersen, Michel; Rosqvist, Johan (2008). Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Case Conceptualization, and Treatment, Volume 1: Adults (in English). John Wiley & Sons. p. 32. ISBN 9780470173565. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Strakowski, Stephen M.; Nelson, Erik (2015). "Introduction". Major Depressive Disorder (in English). Oxford University Press. p. Chapter 1. ISBN 9780190206185. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (help)

Cited works[Sinthani | sintha gwero]

  • American Psychiatric Association (2000a). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6.
  • Barlow DH, Durand VM (2005). Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach (5th ed.). Belmont, CA, USA: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0-534-63356-1.
  • Beck AT, Rush J, Shaw BF, Emery G (1987) [1979]. Cognitive Therapy of depression. New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press. ISBN 978-0-89862-919-4.
  • Hergenhahn BR (2005). An Introduction to the History of Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA, USA: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0-534-55401-9.
  • May R (1994). The discovery of being: Writings in existential psychology. New York, NY, USA: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31240-9.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan; Parker, Gordon (1996). Melancholia: a disorder of movement and mood: a phenomenological and neurobiological review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47275-3. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (help)
  • Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (2008). British National Formulary (BNF 56). UK: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85369-778-7. Archived from the original on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  • Sadock, Virginia A.; Sadock, Benjamin J.; Kaplan, Harold I. (2003). Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-3183-6. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (help)

External links[Sinthani | sintha gwero]

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